Pseudomonas sp. ZXY-1, a newly isolated and highly efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium, and optimization of biodegradation using response surface methodology

Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is increasing the agricultural production effectively, while also causing great environmental concern. Efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium is necessary to removal atrazine rapidly to keep a safe environment. In the present study, a new atrazine-degrading strain ZXY-1, identified as Pseudomonas, was isolated. This new isolated strain has a strong ability to biodegrade atrazine with a high efficiency of 9.09 mg/L/hr.Temperature, p H, inoculum size and initial atrazine concentration were examined to further optimize the degradation of atrazine, and the synthetic effect of these factors were investigated by the response surface methodology. With a high quadratic polynomial mathematical model(R~2= 0.9821) being obtained, the highest biodegradation efficiency of 19.03 mg/L/hr was reached compared to previous reports under the optimal conditions(30.71°C, pH 7.14, 4.23%(V/V) inoculum size and 157.1 mg/L initial atrazine concentration).Overall, this study provided an efficient bacterium and approach that could be potentially useful for the bioremediation of wastewater containing atrazine.     

Quantifying public health benefits of environmental strategy of PM2.5 air quality management in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China

In 2013,China issued "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(Action Plan)" to improve air quality.To assess the benefits of this program in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,where the density of population and emissions vary greatly,we simulated the air quality benefit based on Ben MAP to satisfy the Action Plan.In this study,we estimate PM_(2.5) concentration using Voronoi spatial interpolation method on a grid with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km~2.Combined with the exposure-response function between PM_(2.5) concentration and health endpoints,health effects of PM_(2.5) exposure are analyzed.The economic loss is assessed by using the willingness to pay(WTP) method and human capital(HC) method.When the PM_(2.5) concentration falls by 25% in BTH and reached 60 μg/m~3 in Beijing,the avoiding deaths will be in the range of 3175 to 14051 based on different functions each year.Of the estimated mortality attributable to all causes,3117 annual deaths were due to lung cancer,1924 – 6318 annual deaths were due to cardiovascular,and343 – 1697 annual deaths were due to respiratory.Based on WTP,the estimated monetary values for the avoided cases of all cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,respiratory mortality and lung cancer ranged from 1110 to 29632,673 to 13325,120 to 3579,1091 to 6574 million yuan,respectively.Based on HC,the corresponding values for the avoided cases of these four mortalities were 267 to 1178,161 to 529,29 to 143 and 261 million yuan,respectively.     

综合水质标识指数法在海拉尔河水质评价中的应用研究

水质评价是水环境治理的重要基础性工作.水质综合标识指数法涵盖了综合水质类别、定量污染程度、水环境功能区达标等信息,是将定性与定量评价相结合,能够对综合水质做出合理的解释,不会因个别指标导致过分评价.研究将海拉尔河划分为3个控制单元,根据2003年-2012年水质监测数据,采用综合水质标识指数法识别各控制单元主要污染因子,并分析海拉尔河水质时空变化规律.研究结果表明海拉尔河从上游至下游综合水质标识指数逐渐升高,上游水质较好,中游和下游主要污染指标为高锰酸盐指数和COD.2003年-2012年,海拉尔河高锰酸钾指数、BOD5、氨氮和总磷的污染减轻,化学需氧量污染略微减轻但仍存在超标风险.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu II. Molecular species and their depth attenuation

The understanding of organic phosphorus(P) dynamics in sediments requires information on their species at the molecular level,but such information in sediment profiles is scarce.A sediment profile was selected from a large eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu(China),and organic P species in the sediments were detected using solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(31 P NMR) following extraction of the sediments with a mixture of 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 50 mmol/L EDTA(NaOH-EDTA) solution.The results showed that P in the NaOH-EDTA extracts was mainly composed of orthophosphate,orthophosphate monoesters,phospholipids,DNA,and pyrophosphate.Concentrations of the major organic P compound groups and pyrophosphate showed a decreasing trend with the increase of depth.Their half-life times varied from 3 to 27 years,following the order of orthophosphate monoesters > phospholipids DNA > pyrophosphate.Principal component analysis revealed that the detected organic P species had binding phases similar to those of humic acid-associated organic P(NaOH-NRP HA),a labile organic P pool that tends to transform to recalcitrant organic P pools as the early diagenetic processes proceed.This demonstrated that the depth attenuation of the organic P species could be partly attributed to their increasing immobilization by the sediment solids,while their degradation rates should be significantly lower than what were suggested in previous studies.     

2006年～2012年内蒙古自治区新建火电项目NOX排放情况及其减排形势分析

通过统计2006年至2012年内蒙古自治区内新建火力发电项目NOX治理和排放情况,并结合目前火电厂主流脱硝技术以及国家和自治区对NOX减排的相关要求,对自治区“十二五”期间NOX减排形势进行分析.     

遥感技术在环境监测中的应用研究

随着经济的发展出现了很多环境问题。遥感技术能够准确、快速的获取相关的环境信息,这已经成为现阶段我国环境监测的主要手段。本文主要对遥感技术在环境监测各个领域中的运用进行研究。     

有机沼液生物肥对蔬菜品质的影响研究

沼液经过充分发酵,其中富含多种作物所需的营养物质,因而宜作根外施肥,其效果优于化肥。在此基础上,筛选并复配PGPR根圈促生菌到沼液中,形成有机沼液生物肥。有机沼液生物肥是集营养、促生和生防为一体的多功能生物肥料。施用有机沼液生物肥辣椒果实维生素c含量达到了78．28mg／kg,比处理CK增加31％,可溶性糖含量提高32．4％。应用有机沼液生物肥番茄维生素c含量比对照增加46．6％,可溶性糖含量提高45％。施用有机沼液生物肥的黄瓜Vc含量比对照提高56．8％,可溶性糖含量提高84．2％。     

CASS工艺用于小城镇污水处理的工程设计研究

CASS是SBR的一种改进型污水处理工艺,在污水处理特别是小城镇污水处理中有着广泛应用。本文介绍了CASS工艺在广东某镇污水处理厂的工程应用情况,主要包括CASS的工艺流程、设计参数及设计要点。对运行效果和经济技术指标进行了总结,并对工艺的运行和管理提出相应的建议。实际运行结果表明,该厂在处理规模为1万m^3／d条件下,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）一级B标准,达到设计要求。该项目的成功实施,为CASS工艺在小城镇污水处理厂的应用提供了参考。     

地下水污染抽出处理技术中抽水井最优布局方案研究

抽出-处理技术是治理地下水污染简便易行的方法。影响抽出-处理效率的因素很多,本文在介绍了各种技术影响因素后,采用Visual Modflow软件着重分析技术因素中井群的不同布局对抽水效率的影响。本文设计了10种井布局方案,都以抽出污染物的量达到95%为目标,得出井以直线形式排列在污染羽中轴线上,且集中排列在污染源下游的布局为最优方案,为地下水污染的抽出处理技术方案提供参考。